Subjunctive Mood - Review

The subjunctive mood in Latin is formed, not with a new set of inflections, but rather with a set of stems to set apart the mood. The subjunctive mood only appears in four tenses: present, imperfect, perfect and pluperfect. Use the chart below as a reminder for the basics of subjunctive mood formation: the goal for this review should be in building your ability to identify each tense of the subjunctive when you encounter it in a reading or translation assignment.

Subjunctive Mood Review
Tense	Stem	Formation	Examples
Present	Change indicative present stem as follows: 1st conjugation: change a->e All other conjugations: add -a	Add regular active and passive endings to altered present stem	amare (ama->ame): amet (passive: ametur) dicere (dic->dica): dicamus (passive: dicamur) gradi (gradi->gradia): gradiantur vereri (vere->verea): verearis
Imperfect	Regular Verbs: imperfect stem = 2nd PP (present active infinitive) Deponent: form a "normal" present infinitive (1st, 2nd and 4th: change final i->e; 3rd, change -i to -ere)	Add regular active and passive endings to imperfect stem	amare: amaret (passive: amaretur) dicere: diceremus (passive: diceremur) gradi (gradi->gradere): graderentur vereri (vereri->verere): verereris
Perfect	Active (regular verbs only): add -eri- to perfect stem Passive (regular and deponent): use perfect participle + present subjunctive form of sum	Active: add active endings to -eri- Passive: use the correct gender/number for the participle; use forms of sum for person and number	amare: amaverit (passive: amatus sit) dicere: dixerimus (passive: dicti simus) gradi: gressi sint vereri: veritus sis
Pluperfect	Active (regular verbs only): Pluperfect stem = perfect active infinitive (perfect stem + isse) Passive (regular and deponent): use perfect participle + imperfect subjunctive form of sum	Active: add active endings to pluperfect stem Passive: use the correct gender/number for the participle; use forms of sum for person and number	amare: amavisset (passive: amatus esset) dicere: dixissemus (passive: dicti essemus) gradi: gressae essent vereri: verita esses