CIC: Lesson - Grammar - Subjunctive Dependent Clause Review

Subjunctive Dependent Clause Review

The Subjunctive Dependent Clauses in Latin include varied expressions which are all completed with a verb in the subjunctive mood.

**Subjunctive Mood Clauses - Explanations**
Subjunctive Clause	Introduced by...	Use	English Example
Indirect Question	Interrogative	reports a question without quoting it	Cicero wondered if Catiline knew his plot was exposed.
Indirect Command	ut/ne	reports a command without quoting it	Cicero told Catiline to leave Rome.
Purpose Clause	ut/ne	expresses the reason for a particular action	Cicero prosecuted Catiline to end his conspiracy.
Result Clause	ut/ut...non	expresses the outcome of a particular event; usually contains the word "so" in the introductory clause	Cicero was so famous that everyone knew his name.
Cum Clause	cum/cum...non	expresses the circumstance (when), cause (because) or concession (although)	When Cicero prosecuted Catiline, he won a major victory.

The subjunctive dependent clauses tended to grow out of the subordination of independent subjunctive uses (for instance: the result clause is a subordinated potential clause which is why they use non for the negative, while indirect commands are subordinated subjunctive imperatives which is why they use ne for the negative).

Subjunctive Clause Examples

**Subjunctive Mood Clauses - All Examples from Cicero's In Catilinam**
Subjunctive Clause	Latin Example	Translation
Indirect Question	Quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,... quem nostrum ignorare arbitraris?	How do you think that any of us are unaware of what you did last night, or the night before?
Indirect Command	Decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet.	The senate once passed a decree that the consul Lucius Opimius should see to it that the republic not suffer any injury. Note: there are two clauses here, one purpose clause (ut = that he should take care) and one indirect command (ne = that it not suffer...)
Purpose Clause	Decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet.	The senate once passed a decree that the consul Lucius Opimius should see to it that the republic suffer no injury. Note: there are two clauses here, one purpose clause (ut = that he should take care) and one indirect command (ne = that it not suffer...)
Result Clause	Fuit, fuit ista quondam in hac re publica virtus, ut viri fortes acrioribus suppliciis civem perniciosum quam acerbissimum hostem coercerent.	It existed, I swear - in this republic there has been such virtue that bold men would suppress pernicious citizens with punishments more severe than those used for their bitterest enemies.
Cum Clause	Cum te Praeneste Kalendis ipsis Novembribus occupaturum nocturno impetu esse confideres, sensistine illam coloniam meo iussu meis praesidiis, custodiis, vigiliis esse munitam?	When you made sure that you would be able to seize Praeneste on the first of November by a nocturnal attack, did you not find that that colony was fortified by my order, by my garrison, by my watchfulness and care?