Gerunds and Gerundives - Additional Uses

Gerunds and Gerundives are occasionally used in ways that do not express purpose in the genitive, dative and ablative cases. Let's look at a few additional examples to explore these uses.

**Additional Examples**
Case	Latin Example	Translation
Objective Genitive	Caesar, Book 4.14: neque consilii habendi neque arma capiendi spatio dato perturbantur habendi = gerundive capiendi = gerund	Because time was not given for either forming plans or taking up arms
Genitive Limited by a Pronoun	Caesar, Book 3.6: sui colligendi...facultatem colligendi = gerund	the means of collecting themselves (the opportunity for the recovering of themselves)
Dative with Certain Verbs	Cicero, In Verrem, 2.1.148: Diem praestitit operi faciendo faciendo = gerundive	He set a day for the work to be done
Ablative with a Comparative Adjective	Cicero, De Officiis, 1.47: Nullum officium referenda gratia magis necessarium est. referenda = gerundive	No responsibility is more necessary than repaying favors.

Additional Notes

Notice in the first example demonstrating an objective genitive, Caesar uses both a gerundive construction (consilii habendi) and a gerund with a direct object (arma capiendi). It is important to remember that generally gerundives were used (arma capienda would be the "normal" construction), but that Romans did rarely use a gerund with a direct object.