CLT: Lesson - Gerundives - Formation of Deponent Verbs
Gerundives - Formation of Deponent Verbs
Deponent verbs are those verbs which have set aside (deponere) their passive meanings. These verbs are presented with passive forms, but are translated in the active voice. The only exception to this rule is the gerundive for the deponent verb, which is a true passive form. The gerundive is formed and used for deponent verbs in the same manner that it is formed and used for regular verbs.
Formation - deponent example
Gerundives are 1st/2nd declension adjectives. The nominative form of the gerundive is created by adding the following endings to the present stem:
- 1st/2nd conjugation: -nd-
- 3rd/4th conjugation: -end-
To this, the 1st/2nd declension adjective endings -us, -a, -um are added:
- 1st/2nd conjugation: -ndus, nda, ndum
- 3rd/4th conjugation: -endus, enda, endum
The dictionary entry for the gerundive will be written:
- sequendus, sequenda, sequendum - about to be followed
To obtain the base for the gerundive, remove -a from the feminine form.
Gerundive Endings
Gerundives use 1st/2nd declension adjective endings. These endings are added to the base.
The chart below contains a full list of forms of the gerundive for sequor, sequi, secutus sum - to follow. This is a 3rd conjugation deponent verb, so the present stem is obtained by dropping the -or from the 1st PP (sequ-). To form the gerundive, add -end to the present stem with the 1st/2nd declension endings.
- Gerundive entry:
- sequendus, sequenda, sequendum
- Gerundive Base:
- sequenda - a
- sequend-
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | sequendus | sequendi | sequenda | sequendae | sequendum | sequenda |
| Genitive | sequendi | sequendorum | sequendae | sequendarum | sequendi | sequendorum |
| Dative | sequendo | sequendis | sequendae | sequendis | sequendo | sequendis |
| Accusative | sequendum | sequendos | sequendam | sequendas | sequendum | sequenda |
| Ablative | sequendo | sequendis | sequenda | sequendis | sequendo | sequendis |