CI: Lesson - The Subjunctive Mood - Perfect Tense

The Subjunctive Mood - Perfect Tense

Much like the indicative mood, the perfect system is much more regular than the present system. None of the formation rules change: all perfect system active forms are constructed using the perfect stem, while the passive voice forms use the perfect participle + a form of sum. The only difference will be the active endings and the mood of the forms of sum.

Perfect stem:
- Regular Verbs: 3rd Principal Part - i
  - amavi - i = amav-
- Deponent and Semi-deponent Verbs: N/A
Participle stem (used to make the perfect participle):
- Regular Verbs: 4th principal part - us
  - amatus - us = amat-
- Deponent Verbs: 3rd principal part - us sum
  - conatus sum - us sum = conat-

Perfect Tense, Active Voice - Subjunctive Mood

The perfect active subjunctive uses the indicative perfect stem, then adds -eri to create the Perfect Subjunctive Stem. Then, just add active personal endings. This is true for all verbs, regular and irregular, that can use active personal endings for the perfect tense. And yes, these forms should look familiar as they are nearly the same as the ones we used for the future perfect indicative (ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint). Don't worry - the context will almost always make clear which use is correct.

Example

amo, amare, amavi, amatus - to love
- Perfect stem: amav-
  - Add -eri-
- Perfect Subjunctive Stem: amaveri-
Add active personal endings:
- amaverim, amaveris, amaverit, amaverimus, amaveritis, amaverint

Perfect Tense, Passive Voice - Subjunctive Mood

Much like the active voice for the perfect system, the passive voice for the perfect system for the subjunctive mood follows the same rules as its indicative counterparts. Simply use the perfect participle with the present form of sum in the subjunctive mood. This formation will work for all verbs, regular, irregular, deponent and semi-deponent.

This means that the only difference between subjunctive and indicative is that the form of sum changes from indicative to subjunctive for the subjunctive forms. The participle will still show gender in the nominative case: us, a, um for singular and i, ae, a for plural. Participles will be abbreviated in the charts, for example:

Singular: amatus, amata, amatum is written:
- amatus, a, um
Plural: amati, amatae, amata is written:
- amati, ae, a

Reminder: the present tense forms of sum in the subjunctive mood are: sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint.

Example

amo, amare, amavi, amatus - to love
- Perfect Participle: amatus, a, um
Add present tense subjunctive forms of sum:
- amatus sim, amatus sis, amatus sit, amati simus, amati sitis, amati sint

Examples

Below is a table containing four verbs: a regular verb, an irregular verb, a deponent verb and a semi-deponent verb. Use this table to review the formation rules above.

Regular Verb: capio, capere, cepi, captus - to take
- Perfect Subjunctive Stem: ceperi-
- Perfect Participle: captus, a, um
Irregular Verb: fero, ferre, tuli, latus - to bring, bear
- Perfect Subjunctive Stem: tuleri-
- Perfect Participle: latus, a, um
Deponent Verb: loquor, loqui, locutus sum - to say
- Perfect Stem: N/A
- Perfect Participle: locutus, a, um
Semi-deponent Verb: audeo, audere, ausus sum - to dare
- Perfect Stem: N/A
- Perfect Participle: ausus, a, um

**Example Verbs - Subjunctive Perfect**
Personal Endings	Regular Verb	Irregular Verb	Deponent Verb	Semi-Deponent Verb
Active Personal Endings	ceperim ceperis ceperit ceperimus ceperitis ceperint	tulerim tuleris tulerit tulerimus tuleritis tulerint	N/A	N/A
Passive Personal Endings	captus, a, um sim captus, a, um sis captus, a, um sit capti, ae, a simus capti, ae, a sitis capti, ae, a sint	latus, a, um sim latus, a, um sis latus, a, um sit lati, ae, a simus lati, ae, a sitis lati, ae, a sint	locutus, a, um sim locutus, a, um sis locutus, a, um sit locuti, ae, a simus locuti, ae, a sitis locuti, ae, a sint	ausus, a, um sim ausus, a, um sis ausus, a, um sit ausi, ae, a simus ausi, ae, a sitis ausi, ae, a sint