CI: Lesson - The Subjunctive Mood - Pluperfect Tense

The Subjunctive Mood - Pluperfect Tense

Much like the indicative mood, the perfect system is much more regular than the present system. All perfect system active forms are constructed using the perfect stem, while the passive voice forms use the perfect participle + a form of sum.

• Perfect stem:
  • Regular Verbs: 3rd Principal Part - i
    • amavi - i = amav-
  • Deponent Verbs: N/A
• Participle stem (used to make the perfect participle):
  • Regular Verbs: 4th principal part - us
    • amatus - us = amat-
  • Deponent Verbs: 3rd principal part - us sum
    • conatus sum - us sum = conat-

Pluperfect Tense, Active Voice - Subjunctive Mood

The pluperfect tense, active voice subjunctive uses the perfect active infinitive form + personal endings. This mirrors the imperfect subjunctive's use of the present active infinitive.

• Perfect Active Infinitive: 
  • Perfect stem + isse
  • amav + isse = amavisse-

We will call this the Pluperfect Subjunctive Stem. To this stem, simply add the active personal endings.

Example

• amo, amare, amavi, amatus - to love
  • Pluperfect Subjunctive Stem: amavisse-
• Add active personal endings:
  • amavissem, amavisses, amavisset, amavissemus, amavissetis, amavissent

Pluperfect Tense, Passive Voice - Subjunctive Mood

Much like the active voice for the perfect system, the passive voice for the perfect system for the subjunctive mood follows the same rules as its indicative counterparts. Simply use the perfect participle with the imperfect form of sum in the subjunctive mood. This formation will work for all verbs: regular, irregular, deponent and semi-deponent.

Reminder: the imperfect tense forms of sum in the subjunctive mood are: essem, esses, esset, essemus, essetis, essent.

Example

• amo, amare, amavi, amatus - to love
  • Perfect participle: amatus, a, um
• Use with imperfect subjunctive forms of sum:
  • amatus essem, amatus esses, amatus esset, amati essemus, amati essetis, amati essent

Examples

Below is a table containing four verbs: a regular verb, an irregular verb, a deponent verb and a semi-deponent verb. Use this table to review the formation rules above.

• Regular Verb: capio, capere, cepi, captus - to take
  • Pluperfect Subjunctive Stem: cepisse-
  • Perfect Participle: captus, a, um
• Irregular Verb: fero, ferre, tuli, latus - to bring, bear
  • Pluperfect Subjunctive Stem: tulisse-
  • Perfect Participle: latus, a, um
• Deponent Verb: loquor, loqui, locutus sum - to say
  • Pluperfect Subjunctive Stem: N/A
  • Perfect Participle: locutus, a, um
• Semi-deponent Verb: audeo, audere, ausus sum - to dare
  • Pluperfect Subjunctive Stem: N/A
  • Perfect Participle: ausus, a, um

Example Verbs - Subjunctive Pluperfect

Personal Endings	Regular Verb	Irregular Verb	Deponent Verb	Semi-Deponent Verb
Active Personal Endings	cepissem cepisses cepisset cepissemus cepissetis cepissent	tulissem tulisses tulisset tulissemus tulissetis tulissent	N/A	N/A
Passive Personal Endings	captus, a, um essem captus, a, um esses captus, a, um esset capti, ae, a essemus capti, ae, a essetis capti, ae, a essent	latus, a, um essem latus, a, um esses latus, a, um esset lati, ae, a essemus lati, ae, a essetis lati, ae, a essent	locutus, a, um essem locutus, a, um esses locutus, a, um esset locuti, ae, a essemus locuti, ae, a essetis locuti, ae, a essent	ausus, a, um essem ausus, a, um esses ausus, a, um esset auesse, ae, a essemus auesse, ae, a essetis auesse, ae, a essent