AM: Lesson - Passive Voice - Present System Formation
Passive Voice - Present System Formation
In general, the present system tenses (present, imperfect, future) follow the same basic rules as their active counterparts. For a full set of examples, please download the Regular Verb Passive Voice Conjugation handout Links to an external site.. This handout includes both present and perfect system forms for every conjugation.
Present Tense Passive Voice Formation
The present tense passive forms have the largest degree of variety in formation. Most of the rules of formation from the active voice carry over, but there are a few notable exceptions. Let's review, going through how each conjugation forms the passive voice in the present tense.
| Guidelines | 1st Conjugation | 2nd Conjugation | 3rd Conjugation | 3rd-io Conjugation | 4th Conjugation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present Stem |
1st Conjugation verbs use a present stem that ends in -a. The present stem is obtained from the 2nd PP:
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2nd Conjugation verbs use a present stem that ends in -e. The present stem is obtained from the 2nd PP:
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3rd conjugation verbs use a present stem that ends in a consonant. The present stem is obtained from the 1st PP:
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3rd-io conjugation verbs use a present stem that ends in -i. The present stem is obtained from the 1st PP:
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4th Conjugation verbs use a present stem that ends in -i. The present stem is obtained from the 2nd PP:
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| 1st Person Singular | Add -r to the 1st Principal Part:
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Add -r to the 1st Principal Part:
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Add -r to the 1st Principal Part:
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Add -r to the 1st Principal Part:
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Add -r to the 1st Principal Part:
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| Additional Changes to the Stem |
NONE |
NONE |
2nd person singular: add -eris, instead of -ris, to the present stem:
3rd person singular, 1st and 2nd person plural: add an -i before the passive ending.
3rd person plural: add a -u before the passive ending:
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2nd person singular: add -eris, instead of -ris, to the present stem. Please note:
3rd person plural: add a -u before the passive ending:
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3rd person plural: add a -u before the passive ending
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| Adding Endings | Except for 1st person singular, the passive voice personal endings are added to the present stem. | Except for 1st person singular, the passive voice personal endings are added to the present stem. | After making the changes listed above, the passive voice personal endings are added to the present stem. | After making the changes listed above, the passive voice personal endings are added to the present stem. | Except for 1st person singular, the passive voice personal endings are added to the present stem. |
Nota bene
- As a reminder, the passive voice personal endings are:
- r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur
Imperfect Tense Passive Voice Formation
The imperfect passive is formed in essentially the same way as the imperfect active, except that we use the passive voice personal endings. As with the active forms, -ba (1st/2nd conjugation) or -eba (3rd/4th conjugation) is added to the present stem as a tense indicator before the passive voice personal endings. See the chart below:
| 1st and 2nd Conjugation | 3rd and 4th Conjugation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| 1st Person | bar | bamur | ebar | ebamur |
| 2nd Person | baris | bamini | ebaris | ebamini |
| 3rd Person | batur | bantur | ebatur | ebantur |
Future Tense Passive Voice Formation
The future tense passive forms are divided, just like they were in the active. There is a set of endings for 1st and 2nd conjugation and a set of endings for 3rd and 4th conjugation:
| 1st and 2nd Conjugation | 3rd and 4th Conjugation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
| 1st Person | bor | bimur | ar | emur |
| 2nd Person | beris | bimini | eris | emini |
| 3rd Person | bitur | buntur | etur | entur |