AM: Lesson - Passive Voice - Present System Introduction
Passive Voice - Present System Introduction
The present system is made up of three tenses: present, imperfect and future.
Present Stem
The present system tenses are formed using the present stem. Please carefully review the formation rules for the present stem, as having this stem correct will be critical when forming present system passive forms.
|
Conjugation |
Obtaining the Stem |
Examples |
|---|---|---|
|
1st Conjugation: porto, portare, portavi, portatus |
2nd principal part - re |
|
|
3rd Conjugation: duco, ducere, duxi, ductus |
1st principal part -o |
|
Personal Endings - Present System
In the active voice, the present system tenses all use the same personal endings, which will be called active voice personal endings from here on.
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | o/m | mus |
| 2nd Person | s | tis |
| 3rd Person | t | nt |
The present system passive voice endings are also based on a set of six personal endings, which will be called passive voice personal endings from here on.
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | r | mur |
| 2nd Person | ris | mini |
| 3rd Person | tur | ntur |
Over the next few pages, the present, imperfect and future tenses will be explored in depth.
English Subject Pronouns
Above, we saw the active and passive personal endings for Latin verbs. Let's quickly review the six subject pronouns in English. Remember that the forms above are used in Latin instead of subject pronouns (usually). So, the ending -o/m or -r means I (1st person singular), while the ending -s or -ris means you, etc.
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | I | We |
| 2nd Person | You (singular) | You (plural) |
| 3rd Person | He, She, It | They |