CST - Module Overview
Cardiopulmonary System - Transportation
Blood is constantly traveling throughout the body. It delivers the goods, oxygen, and nutrients, and picks up the waste. But how? you may ask. The respiratory system and the cardiovascular system work closely together to orchestrate oxygen access, transport, and distribution. Then, the cardiovascular system performs the unbelievable task of picking up the waste product, CO2, and then exchanges it for a brand new, shiny oxygen molecule. All of this in less than one minute! Together, these two systems make up the cardiopulmonary system. This unit will explore the structure, function, and interdependence of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
Essential Questions
- What is the structure and function of the cardiovascular system?
- What is the structure and function of the respiratory system?
- How do the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to obtain and deliver oxygen?
- How does oxidation of nutrients occur?
- How is carbon dioxide removed from the body?
- How does blood move throughout the body?
- Where does blood obtain oxygen?
- What conditions affect the cardiopulmonary system?
- How does aging affect cardiopulmonary function?
Key Terms
- Aortic valve - the semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle
- Alveoli - air sacs that are bunched at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs
- Antigens - glycoproteins on the surface of cells that serve to identify that cell
- Arteries - any of the tubular branching muscular- and elastic-walled vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body
- Arterioles - the smallest extension of the arteries
- Atrium - a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles
- Blood - the fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins of a vertebrate animal carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the body
- Blood pressure (BP) - the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels
- Bronchi - two primary divisions of the trachea that lead respectively into the right and the left lung
- Bronchioles - smallest extension of the bronchi in the lungs
- Capillaries - any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules and forming networks throughout the body
- Circulatory system - the system of blood, blood vessels, lymphatics, and heart concerned with the circulation of the blood and lymph
- Diaphragm - the dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
- Endocardium - a thin serous membrane lining the cavities of the heart
- Epiglottis - the thin flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and drink from entering the airway
- Erythrocytes - red blood cells
- Heart - the hollow, muscular, double pump organ used to move blood throughout the body
- Hemoglobin A - complex protein composed of a protein molecule and an iron compound
- Larynx - the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals
- Leukocytes - white blood cells
- Lung - the organ located within the rib cage consisting of elastic sacs with branching passages into which air is drawn, allowing the capture of oxygen into the blood and the release of carbon dioxide
- Lymph - clear fluid that leaks out of the capillary space between cells
- Lymphatic system - part of the circulatory system that moves lymph throughout the body and has a vital function in the immune system
- Mitral valve - a valve consisting of two flaps in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle, prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium
- Myocardium - the middle muscular layer of the heart wall
- Pericardium - a double-layered membrane, resembling a sac, covering the outside of the heart
- Pharynx - the part of the digestive and respiratory tracts situated between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus
- Plasma - blood's liquid medium
- Pulmonary valve - a valve consisting of three semilunar cusps separating the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle
- Respiration - the movement of respiratory gases (as oxygen and carbon dioxide) into and out of the lungs
- Respiratory System - the system of organs in the body whose primary function is to supply the blood with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide from the body
- Thrombocytes - platelets
- Trachea - a tube-like portion of the respiratory tract that connects the larynx with the bronchial parts of the lungs
- Tricuspid valve - a valve consisting of three triangular flaps situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle
- Veins - any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart and have thinner walls than the arteries and often valves at intervals to prevent reflux of the blood which flows in a steady stream and is in most cases dark-colored due to the presence of reduced hemoglobin
- Venule - the smallest extension of a vein
- Ventricle - a chamber of the heart which receives blood from a corresponding atrium and from which blood is forced into the arteries
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