NRA - Theme & Finding Text Evidence Lesson

English_Lesson_TopBanner.png Theme and Finding Text Evidence

For this novel, you will be working on a presentation that discusses the theme of the novel. A novel can have one theme or several. Read through the following information about theme and finding evidence.

Evidence is meant to provide external validation of both claims and reasons that readers will accept. Evidence cannot be what you "thought up," but instead must be information that you found "out there" in the world—either because you observed and collected it yourself or because you found a source that reports evidence that someone else observed and collected. Readers in different fields have different standards of what counts as evidence, from numerical data in the sciences to words and images in the humanities. These data, facts, texts, and interviews don't inherently prove a claim: they only become evidence when you explain how they support your claim and reasons. All readers expect you to support your argument with evidence based on facts.

Finding Text Evidence. Your claim and reasons come from your own thinking about a topic, but evidence comes from the outside. You cannot think up evidence on your own. Good evidence comes from outside research: either data from your own research or data reported from sources written by scholars and researchers.  Readers should accept your evidence as factual or true. Readers can always question your interpretation of the evidence or ask for more evidence before they accept your argument, but if they question the validity of the evidence itself, you'll need to explain why they should accept the evidence itself.

There are FIVE common types of evidence. 

Quotations and Paraphrase: This can come from the original source (novel), journals, websites, online books, etc.
Photographs and Diagrams: These would come from outside sources, but may or may not be relevant for this paper, depending on the theme chosen.
Historical Facts: This type of evidence could be helpful, especially when thinking about the time period of the novel.
Direct Observations: This is not really applicable in this assignment, as it would come from your direct observations of a person, group, etc.
Numerical Data: This is more applicable to science papers, but may be useful if looking at historical data.

Of course, you must remember to cite your sources: failure to do so is plagiarism.

Are You a Text Talker?

How do you bring in the evidence to the text after you have identified it? Examine the list of lead in's below for some ideas as to how you might incorporate the evidence into your essay.

Are you a text talker? - The author wrote... -The illustration shows... - An example on page ... is - In the text, it said... - I know because... -On page ... the author said... - The author stated... -According to the text... - The text explicitly states... - I can infer from...

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