SF2 - Lesson: The Function of Character

An old set of train tracks stretches through a desert.The Function of Character

By integrating our understanding of archetypes into character analysis, we can elevate our interpretations to a more nuanced level. While the archetypes of the protagonist and antagonist, representing the classic dichotomy of good versus bad characters, are among the most prevalent, the landscape of literature often challenges and complicates these simplistic distinctions. Delving into the nuanced aspects of character archetypes allows for a more thorough and insightful literary analysis. In this lesson, we will explore potential character archetypes for "Hills Like White Elephants" and “The Yellow Wallpaper.”

Archetypes in "Hills Like White Elephants"

Utilizing the archetypes discussed in the previous lesson, we can apply them to the characters in "Hills Like White Elephants.” There are two main characters: The Man and The Woman (Jig).

  • The Man
    • The Rebel: Rejects societal conventions through his wandering lifestyle and engages in hedonistic activities without a conscience.
    • The Shadow: Suggests abortion as a darker immediate solution to Jig's pregnancy.
  • The Woman
    • The Damsel in Distress: Initially relies on the man and faces an unwanted pregnancy.
    • The Sidekick: Appears to be the man's lover and companion at the story's start.
    • The Innocent: Forced into considering an abortion.

However, the story's complexity arises when Jig ultimately decides to keep the baby, seemingly overcoming the man's selfish desires. This shift challenges the initial archetypal categorization, prompting a reconsideration of Jig as the protagonist and the man as the antagonist. This reinterpretation could position Jig as the Heroine, challenging the notion of her being a mere Sidekick.

Analyzing how characters transition between archetypes allows for a more nuanced literary analysis, revealing the dynamic evolution of their roles within the narrative.

Practice Activity

Let's do a similar analysis for "The Yellow Wallpaper." Below is a set of flashcards with a character on the front. Before you turn over the card, write in your notes what you think the appropriate archetype or archetypes for that character would be. Check your answer by turning to the back of the card for a sample answer and analysis.

Remember that the answers below are suggestions—you may come up with another archetype and be able to support it. As you continue to develop an understanding of complexity, you should notice that sometimes you can take a typically positive or negative archetype and make it the opposite. For example, the “evil sidekick,” “reformed villain,” or even an “anti-hero” all show complexity and depth to your analysis.

Practice Activity

Check your understanding of the character archetype by completing the following practice activity.

Reflection

Identifying character archetypes enriches close reading by providing a framework for understanding characters' inherent roles and motivations within a narrative. This recognition allows readers to delve deeper into the symbolism, conflicts, and thematic elements associated with each archetype, fostering a more nuanced understanding of character dynamics. Consequently, incorporating these archetypes into literary analysis enhances the exploration of universal themes, contributing to a more comprehensive and insightful interpretation of the text.

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