Now that we know about the different layers and basic physical properties of the ocean, let's talk about how global climate change affects it. We often hear about ocean acidification as a result of this shift, but we also have to pay attention to the rising sea levels and thermal expansion, which are direct consequences of the changing climate. These changes not only affect the physical characteristics of the ocean but also have far-reaching effects on the Earth's ecosystems and human communities.
WHY IS THIS HAPPENING?
One of the most visible and tangible consequences of climate change is rising sea levels. Rising sea levels are primarily caused by two factors: thermal expansion and melting ice. In this lesson, we'll explore these two factors and their implications for coastal ecosystems and human communities.
Thermal Expansion:
As the Earth's atmosphere warms due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, a significant portion of this heat is absorbed by the oceans. This absorption leads to an increase in the temperature of the seawater, causing it to expand – a process known as thermal expansion. Water, unlike most substances, expands when it warms, and this expansion contributes to rising sea levels. The phenomenon of thermal expansion is more pronounced in the upper layers of the ocean, where the water is in direct contact with the atmosphere and receives the most heat.
Melting of Ice:
Another major contributor to the rise in sea level is the melting of ice, particularly from glaciers and polar ice caps. As global temperatures increase, glaciers on land, like those in Greenland and Antarctica, and sea ice begin to melt at an accelerated rate. This melting process adds large volumes of freshwater into the ocean, which directly contributes to the rise in sea level. The addition of freshwater from ice melt also impacts ocean salinity and can have further implications on ocean currents and climate patterns.
Watch the video below to learn more about the rise in sea level.
Sea Level Rise Implications:
Rising sea levels have far-reaching implications and pose serious threats to coastal ecosystems and human communities. Higher sea levels can lead to more severe coastal flooding, especially during high tides and storm surges. This flooding can erode coastlines, destroy habitats, and displace communities. Additionally, the intrusion of saltwater can contaminate freshwater resources and agricultural soils. Understanding and addressing the rise in sea level is crucial for protecting coastal regions and preparing for future changes in our global climate system.
Use the interactive below to learn about each of these implications.
This lesson explores the critical issue of rising sea levels due to climate change, emphasizing thermal expansion and the melting of ice as key contributors. Understanding these processes is essential in addressing and mitigating the far-reaching impacts on coastal ecosystems and human settlements.
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