APP - Cognition Review Lesson

Understanding Perception and Memory: Influential Factors and Processes

Perception, memory, and intelligence are intricate aspects of human cognition that shape our understanding of the world and influence our decision-making processes. In this module, we learned how internal and external factors impact perception, the mechanisms behind visual-perceptual processes, the intricate workings of memory, and the complexities of intelligence.

Factors Influencing Perception

Perception is significantly influenced by internal factors like prior expectations and external factors such as cultural experiences and contexts. Whether individuals rely on extrasensory information or internal expectations plays a crucial role in how they perceive the world around them. Schemas, perceptual sets, and perceptual principles proposed by Gestalt psychology also shape our perceptions and help us organize the sensory information we receive.

Visual-Perceptual Processes and Depth Cues

Visual perception is a complex process that involves both internal and external influences. From binocular depth cues like retinal disparity to monocular cues such as relative clarity and linear perspective, our brains use various cues to perceive depth and distance accurately. Visual perception constancies ensure that we maintain a stable perception of objects despite changes in their appearance.

Memory Processes and Encoding

Memory involves intricate processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval. Different encoding processes, like mnemonic devices and chunking, help us retain information in memory. The spacing effect and the serial position effect influence how information is encoded and stored. Memory retrieval can be enhanced through recall and recognition practices, as well as by creating retrieval cues that align with the original learning context.

Understanding Intelligence and Decision-Making

Intelligence is a multifaceted concept measured through various assessments. While historical intelligence tests focused on mental age and chronological age ratios, modern assessments aim to be more inclusive and responsive to sociocultural factors. Cognitive biases, heuristics, and cognitive fallacies can influence decision-making processes and impact the quality of our choices.

Academic Achievement and Memory Consolidation

Academic achievement is often measured through standardized tests that assess knowledge and predict future performance. Memory consolidation is essential for long-term retention and can be influenced by rehearsal, spacing, and retrieval practices. Individuals with superior autobiographical memory may have unique biological processes that enhance memory storage.

Conclusion

In conclusion, perception, memory, and intelligence are interconnected cognitive processes that shape how we perceive the world, retain information, and make decisions. Understanding the factors that influence perception, the mechanisms behind memory processes, and the complexities of intelligence assessments can enhance our cognitive abilities and improve our learning outcomes.

Remember, our cognitive processes are dynamic and influenced by many internal and external factors. By exploring these concepts further, we can gain valuable insights into the intricate workings of our minds and enhance our cognitive abilities.

Terms to Know: 

 

 

[CC BY 4.0] UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED | IMAGES: LICENSED AND USED ACCORDING TO TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION