BBB - The Neuron Lesson

Learning Target:

• Describe how the structure and function of neurons in the central nervous system influence behavior and mental processes.

Courtesy of the AP psychology course and exam description, effective fall 2024. (n.d.). Links to an external site.

 

Understanding Neurons

The human nervous system contains three types of neurons that transmit information. First, there are sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons. These neurons transmit messages from body tissues and sensors to the brain and spinal cord for processing. Essentially, they send signals to the brain informing it about the external world or internal conditions.

Our second type of neuron is called an efferent neuron, which is called motor neurons. In contrast to sensory neurons, motor neurons carry instructions from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. This crucial function allows the brain and spinal cord to communicate with the rest of the body, enabling voluntary movements and other bodily functions.

Finally, interneurons facilitate the flow of information between sensory inputs and motor outputs within the nervous system. They relay and interpret signals received from sensory neurons before sending appropriate responses through motor neurons. All three types of neurons work harmoniously to ensure the smooth functioning of the nervous system, which responds to various stimuli and executes appropriate actions accordingly.

Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. When it comes to reflex actions, the reflex arc plays a crucial role. This arc involves sensory neurons that receive stimuli from the environment and interneurons that help process and relay this information to motor neurons, allowing for quick and automatic responses without conscious thought. Interneurons act as the middlemen in this process, connecting sensory and motor neurons to ensure a rapid and coordinated reaction to stimuli, such as pulling your hand away from a hot stove without needing to actively think about it.

Please view the presentation on the basics of the neuron below.

 *Prior to viewing the presentation, download the handout "Neuron Notes Links to an external site." to take notes. Pay close attention to the parts and functions of a neuron as you will be asked to complete a comparison of a neuron to an object that you are not anticipating!

After viewing the presentation and taking notes, practice your knowledge of the neuron with the activity below.

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