LNG - Social and Cognitive Factors in Learning Lesson

Learning Target:

• Suggest how behavior modification, biofeedback, coping strategies, and self-control can be sued to address behavioral problems.

AP psychology course and exam description, effective fall 2020. (n.d.). https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-psychology-course-and-exam-description.pdf

Modeling (Observational Learning)

Sometimes learning takes place in the absence of a reinforcer. When this happens, it is called social learning. There are two types of social learning: cognitive learning and observational learning. Cognitive learning involves the acquisition of knowledge rather than simply changes in behavior. It aims to explain how information is obtained, processed, and organized.

Observational learning is learning that takes place through the imitation and observation of others. Psychologist Albert Bandura is best associated with this theory. He conducted an experiment in which he had 4-year-old children watch a short film showing adults playing aggressively with a Bobo Doll (a large, inflated doll that stands upright). The adults kicked, punched, and beat the doll. In different versions of the film, the adults were either punished, rewarded, or experienced no consequences for their actions.

Afterward, the children were allowed to play alone in a room with several dolls including Bobo. It was observed that the children who watched the film in which the adults were rewarded for their actions imitated it and began to hit and punch the doll. Those who saw the adults being punished were less likely to imitate the aggressive behavior.

Bandura concluded the importance of imitation in learning new behavior. He found that we are most likely to imitate behavior that is like us, brings success, or that is admirable.

 

Review

Review the key terms for the Learning module.

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