(MOS) Major Organ Systems Module Overview

Major Organ Systems Module Overview

"Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success."
Does this quote by Henry Ford make you think of teamwork? As the founder of the Ford Motor Company, he helped renovate the mass production of automobiles during the Industrial Revolution in the 1900s. A group of individuals worked together along an assembly line to make the model T automobile. The organs in our body are associated with an organ system. Can you imagine how all of our organ systems work together to help us maintain a healthy body? You will learn how your heart, veins, capillaries, and arteries work together to form the circulatory system. The systems within the human body must work together in order for it to function properly.

 

Essential Questions

1. How are cells organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems to make up an organism?
2. How do cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems work together to fulfill an organism's need for oxygen, food, and waste removal?
3. What are the different systems of the body and how do they fulfill an organism's needs?
4. What are the functions of the respiratory system?
5. What are the functions of the nervous system?
6. What functions are carried out by the digestive system?
7. What types of muscles are found in the body?
8. What are the characteristics of bone?

 

Key Terms

1. cell - The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semipermeable cell membrane.
2. tissue - An aggregation of morphologically similar cells and associated intercellular matter acting together to perform one or more specific functions in the body.
3. connective tissue - Tissue arising chiefly from the embryonic mesoderm that is characterized by a highly vascular matrix and includes collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers, adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone.
4. epithelial tissue - A form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary bladder; cells vary between squamous, when the tissue is stretched, and columnar, when not stretched.
5. muscle tissue - A tissue composed of fibers capable of contracting to effect bodily movement.
6. nervous tissue - The nerve cells and neuroglia of the nervous system.
7. organ - A differentiated part of an organism, such as an eye, wing, or leaf, that performs a specific function.
8. organ system - A group of organs in the human body that work together to carry out a vital body-function.
9. organism - An individual form of life, such as a plant, animal, bacterium, protist, or fungus; a body made up of organs, organelles, or other parts that work together to carry on the various processes of life.
10. nutrients - A source of nourishment, especially a nourishing ingredient in a food.
11. waste - Excreted from the body.
12. digestive system - The alimentary canal and digestive glands regarded as an integrated system responsible for the ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food.
13. circulatory system - The bodily system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood that circulates blood throughout the body, delivers nutrients and other essential materials to cells, and removes waste products.
14. atrium - A body cavity or chamber, especially either of the upper chambers of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle.
15. ventricle - A small cavity or chamber within a body or organ, especially: The chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and contracts to force it into the aorta and the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and forces it into the pulmonary artery.                                    
16. capillaries - The tiny blood vessels throughout the body that connect arteries and veins.
17. arteries - Any of the muscular elastic tubes that form a branching system and that carry blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues, and organs of the body.
18. veins - Any of the membranous tubes that form a branching system and carry blood to the heart.
19. neuron - Any of the impulse-conducting cells that constitute the brain, spinal column, and nerves, consisting of a nucleated cell body with one or more dendrites and a single axon. Also called nerve cell.
20. central nervous system - The portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
21. peripheral nervous system - The part of the vertebrate nervous system constituting the nerves outside the central nervous system and including the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
22. somatic nervous system - The portion of the nervous system concerned with the control of voluntary muscle and relating the organism with its environment.
23. autonomic nervous system - The part of the vertebrate nervous system that regulates involuntary action, as of the intestines, heart, and glands, and that is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
24. sensory division - Transmits impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system.
25. motor division - Transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands.
26. immune system - The integrated body system of organs, tissues, cells, and cell products such as antibodies that differentiates self from non-self and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.
27. integumentary system - The bodily system consisting of the skin and its associated structures, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
28. lymphatic system - The interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which lymph circulates throughout the body.
29. endocrine system - The bodily system that consists of the endocrine glands and functions to regulate body activities.
30. glands - A cell, a group of cells, or an organ that produces a secretion for use elsewhere in the body or in a body cavity or for elimination from the body.

 

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