IS: Lesson - Participle Review - Formation
Participle Review - Formation
Let's take a single verb, and create its participle forms. Begin by selecting a verb and obtaining the stems:
- loco, locare, locavi, locatus - to place
- Present stem: loca- (locare - re)
- Perfect stem: locav- (locavi - i)
- Note: we do not use the perfect stem when forming participles, but it is good practice to write it.
- Participle stem: locat- (locatus - us)
Present Active Participle
Now that we have our basic information, let's form the present active participle. This is a 1st conjugation verb, so we will add -ns (gen. -ntis) to the present stem:
- Dictionary Entry: locans (gen. locantis) - placing
- Base: locant- (locantis - is)
To this, we will add 3rd declension adjective endings:
Masculine/Feminine | Neuter | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Case | singular | plural | singular | plural |
Nominative | locans | locantes | locans | locantia |
Genitive | locantis | locantium | locantis | locantium |
Dative | locanti | locantibus | locanti | locantibus |
Accusative | locantem | locantes | locans | locantia |
Ablative | locanti (locante) | locantibus | locanti (locante) | locantibus |
Perfect Passive Participle
Now let's form the perfect passive participle. Use the 4th Principal Part (locatus) to obtain a participle stem. To that stem, add -us, a, um.
- Dictionary Entry: locatus, locata, locatum - having been placed; placed
- Base: locat- (locata - a)
To this, we will add 1st/2nd declension adjective endings:
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | locatus | locati | locata | locatae | locatum | locata |
Genitive | locati | locatorum | locatae | locatarum | locati | locatorum |
Dative | locato | locatis | locatae | locatis | locato | locatis |
Accusative | locatum | locatos | locata | locatas | locatum | locata |
Ablative | locato | locatis | locata | locatis | locato | locatis |
Future Active Participle
Now let's form the future active participle. Use the 4th Principal Part (locatus) to obtain a participle stem. To that stem, add -ur, then add -us, a, um.
- Dictionary Entry: locaturus, locatura, locaturum - about to place; going to place
- Base: locatur- (locatura - a)
To this, we will add 1st/2nd declension adjective endings:
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | locaturus | locaturi | locatura | locaturae | locaturum | locatura |
Genitive | locaturi | locaturorum | locaturae | locaturarum | locaturi | locaturorum |
Dative | locaturo | locaturis | locaturae | locaturis | locaturo | locaturis |
Accusative | locaturum | locaturos | locatura | locaturas | locaturum | locatura |
Ablative | locaturo | locaturis | locatura | locaturis | locaturo | locaturis |