IS: Lesson - Participle Review - Formation

Participle Review - Formation

Let's take a single verb, and create its participle forms. Begin by selecting a verb and obtaining the stems:

• loco, locare, locavi, locatus - to place
  • Present stem: loca- (locare - re)
  • Perfect stem: locav- (locavi - i)
    • Note: we do not use the perfect stem when forming participles, but it is good practice to write it.
  • Participle stem: locat- (locatus - us)

Present Active Participle

Now that we have our basic information, let's form the present active participle. This is a 1st conjugation verb, so we will add -ns (gen. -ntis) to the present stem:

• Dictionary Entry: locans (gen. locantis) - placing
• Base: locant- (locantis - is)

To this, we will add 3rd declension adjective endings:

Present Active Participle Example

	Masculine/Feminine		Neuter
Case	singular	plural	singular	plural
Nominative	locans	locantes	locans	locantia
Genitive	locantis	locantium	locantis	locantium
Dative	locanti	locantibus	locanti	locantibus
Accusative	locantem	locantes	locans	locantia
Ablative	locanti (locante)	locantibus	locanti (locante)	locantibus

Perfect Passive Participle

Now let's form the perfect passive participle. Use the 4th Principal Part (locatus) to obtain a participle stem. To that stem, add -us, a, um.

• Dictionary Entry: locatus, locata, locatum - having been placed; placed
• Base: locat- (locata - a)

To this, we will add 1st/2nd declension adjective endings:

Perfect Passive Participle Example

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
Case	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	locatus	locati	locata	locatae	locatum	locata
Genitive	locati	locatorum	locatae	locatarum	locati	locatorum
Dative	locato	locatis	locatae	locatis	locato	locatis
Accusative	locatum	locatos	locata	locatas	locatum	locata
Ablative	locato	locatis	locata	locatis	locato	locatis

Future Active Participle

Now let's form the future active participle. Use the 4th Principal Part (locatus) to obtain a participle stem. To that stem, add -ur, then add -us, a, um.

• Dictionary Entry: locaturus, locatura, locaturum - about to place; going to place
• Base: locatur- (locatura - a)

To this, we will add 1st/2nd declension adjective endings:

Future Active Participle Example

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
Case	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	locaturus	locaturi	locatura	locaturae	locaturum	locatura
Genitive	locaturi	locaturorum	locaturae	locaturarum	locaturi	locaturorum
Dative	locaturo	locaturis	locaturae	locaturis	locaturo	locaturis
Accusative	locaturum	locaturos	locatura	locaturas	locaturum	locatura
Ablative	locaturo	locaturis	locatura	locaturis	locaturo	locaturis