IS: Lesson - Participle Review - Formation

Participle Review - Formation

Let's take a single verb, and create its participle forms. Begin by selecting a verb and obtaining the stems:

  • loco, locare, locavi, locatus - to place
    • Present stem: loca- (locare - re)
    • Perfect stem: locav- (locavi - i)
      • Note: we do not use the perfect stem when forming participles, but it is good practice to write it.
    • Participle stem: locat- (locatus - us)

Present Active Participle

Now that we have our basic information, let's form the present active participle. This is a 1st conjugation verb, so we will add -ns (gen. -ntis) to the present stem:

  • Dictionary Entry: locans (gen. locantis) - placing
  • Base: locant- (locantis - is)

To this, we will add 3rd declension adjective endings:

Present Active Participle Example
Masculine/Feminine Neuter
Case singular plural singular plural
Nominative locans locantes locans locantia
Genitive locantis locantium locantis locantium
Dative locanti locantibus locanti locantibus
Accusative locantem locantes locans locantia
Ablative locanti (locante) locantibus locanti (locante) locantibus

Perfect Passive Participle

Now let's form the perfect passive participle. Use the 4th Principal Part (locatus) to obtain a participle stem. To that stem, add -us, a, um.

  • Dictionary Entry: locatus, locata, locatum - having been placed; placed
  • Base: locat- (locata - a)

To this, we will add 1st/2nd declension adjective endings:

Perfect Passive Participle Example
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Case Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative locatus locati locata locatae locatum locata
Genitive locati locatorum locatae locatarum locati locatorum
Dative locato locatis locatae locatis locato locatis
Accusative locatum locatos locata locatas locatum locata
Ablative locato locatis locata locatis locato locatis

Future Active Participle

Now let's form the future active participle. Use the 4th Principal Part (locatus) to obtain a participle stem. To that stem, add -ur, then add -us, a, um.

  • Dictionary Entry: locaturus, locatura, locaturum - about to place; going to place
  • Base: locatur- (locatura - a)

To this, we will add 1st/2nd declension adjective endings:

Future Active Participle Example
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Case Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative locaturus locaturi locatura locaturae locaturum locatura
Genitive locaturi locaturorum locaturae locaturarum locaturi locaturorum
Dative locaturo locaturis locaturae locaturis locaturo locaturis
Accusative locaturum locaturos locatura locaturas locaturum locatura
Ablative locaturo locaturis locatura locaturis locaturo locaturis