FM: Lesson - Additional Notes on Pronouns - Other Demonstratives

Other Demonstratives

There are actually six main demonstrative pronouns. Two other demonstratives with special uses (idem and ipse) will be discussed later. Here are the four main demonstratives that you should be aware of now:

**The Four Main Demonstrative Pronouns in Latin**
TYPE	PRONOUN	MEANING/USE	EXAMPLE
Weak	is, ea, id	that, the - This was presented as the 3rd person personal pronoun, but it can also serve as a weak demonstrative pronoun, almost the equivalent of a strongly emphasized “the”.	Ita, eum puerum vidimus. Sure, we saw the boy. Sure, we saw that boy. Eae puellae sunt bonae. The girls are nice. Those girls are nice.
Close - 1st Person	hic, haec, hoc	this, these - Hic is also called the 1st person demonstrative, because it is usually used by a person for something they possess.	Ita, hic est meus filius. Yes, this is my son. Dies hae tecum sunt terribiles. These days with you are terrible.
Middle - 2nd Person	iste, ista, istud	that (of yours), those (of yours) - less common that hic or ille, the middle pronoun, also called the 2nd person demonstrative. Consider a group of three: Juba, Alexander and Selene, standing in a line. Alex is in the middle, so Selene would refer to his book as “iste liber” but Juba’s as “ille liber”. iste has a special and more frequent meaning: it is used as a derogative or derisively. See example 2.	Habesne istum librum? Do you have that book? Num istos libros legis? Surely you aren’t reading those books, are you?
Distant - 3rd Person	ille, illa, illud	that, those - this is the commonly used pronoun for something that is further away, thus it is called the 3rd person demonstrative.	Cur illam domum reliquimus? Why did we leave that house? Dies illae tecum erant terribiles. Those days with you were terrible.

Nota bene

Compare the second example for both hic (these days) and ille (those days). Note that distance can relate to time as well as physical nearness.

Declension of iste, ista, istud

The middle pronoun iste, listed above, is declined much like ille. Below is a chart showing the forms of iste. You will not be tested on these, but it is useful to know them.

**iste, ista, istud - that (of yours), those**
	Singular			Plural
Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	iste	ista	istud	isti	istae	ista
Genitive	istius	istius	istius	istorum	istarum	istorum
Dative	isti	isti	isti	istis	istis	istis
Accusative	istum	istam	istud	istos	istas	ista
Ablative	isto	ista	isto	istis	istis	istis

Nota Bene

Irregular adjective form reminder:
- genitive singular = -ius (istius)
- dative singular = -i (isti)
- neuter nominative singular: -ud (istud)