NCR - The New Political Ideologies. (Lesson)

The New Political Ideologies.

Post French Revolution, political thought was varied, ranging from conservatism to socialism with romanticism and nationalism being significant influences. 19th century conservatism stressed the corporate nature of European society. Conservatives were the current ruling class, a group who had always held the power and were struggling to maintain control. They held with tradition, reacting with repressive measures when any group challenged the status quo. Prince Klemens von Metternich was the poster child of 19th century conservatism.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire was an empire in trouble, a patchwork of ethnic identities, with many struggling to gain their independence. In reaction to these revolts, Metternich issued the Carlsbad Decrees of 1859 which sought to eliminate any constitutional or nationalistic sentiments that had arisen in Central Europe since the Napoleonic era. In essence, they eliminated free speech and most civil liberties within Austria as well as within the German Confederation. However, as the century progressed, the conservatives began losing control to the liberals.

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