VES: Lesson - 3rd and 4th Conjugation - Perfect System
3rd and 4th Conjugation - Perfect System
Let's take a look at the remaining verb families: Regular Third, Third -io and Fourth Conjugations. Remember that the perfect stem (obtained by taking the 3rd principal part and removing the final -i) is used for the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses. Always start with your perfect stem, then add on the endings.
Perfect Stem Examples:
- mitto, mittere, misi, missus
- misi - i = mis-
- facio, facere, feci, factus
- feci - i = fec-
- audio, audire, audivi, auditis
- audivi - i = audiv-
Perfect System
The perfect system includes the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses. It is called the perfect system because those tenses use the perfect stem (3rd principal part -i). Compare the regular Third conjugation and Third -io conjugation and Fourth conjugation charts below. Do you see similarities?
Please download the Vesuvius Example Conjugation and Translation Charts for 3rd and 4th Conjugation Links to an external site. handout for a printable version of the charts below.
The following verbs are used to demonstrate each tense below:
- mitto, mittere, misi, missus - to send
- facio, facere, feci, factus - to do, make
- audio, audire, audivi, auditis - to listen, hear
The Perfect Tense
Perfect Tense Endings: i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt
| 3rd Conjugation | 3rd-io Conjugation | 4th Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Example Verbs | misi misisti misit misimus misistis miserunt |
feci fecisti fecit fecimus fecistis fecerunt |
audivi audivisti audivit audivimus audivistis audiverunt |
Translation Examples - Perfect Tense
- mitto - I sent, I have sent, I did send
- facio - I made, I have made, I did make
- audio - I listened, I have listened, I did listen
The Pluperfect Tense
Pluperfect Tense Endings: eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant
| 3rd Conjugation | 3rd-io Conjugation | 4th Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Example Verbs | miseram miseras miserat miseramus miseratis miserant |
feceram feceras fecerat feceramus feceratis fecerant |
audiveram audiveras audiverat audiveramus audiveratis audiverant |
Translation Examples - Pluperfect Tense
- miseram - I had sent
- feceram - I had made
- audiveram - I had listened
The Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense Endings: ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erint
| 3rd Conjugation | 3rd-io Conjugation | 4th Conjugation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Example Verbs | misero miseris miserit miserimus miseritis miserint |
fecero feceris fecerit fecerimus feceritis fecerint |
audivero audiveris audiverit audiverimus audiveritis audiverint |
Translation Examples - Future Perfect Tense
- misero - I will have sent
- fecero - I will have made
- audivero - I will have listened