Energize the Cells

Watch the video below to begin:

Football players are not the only ones that need energy. All living things require energy to survive. Even our cells require energy to perform properly.

In this module, you will learn about the cell’s energy source, as well as how different organisms obtain the energy they need to survive

Module Lessons Preview

In this module, we will study the following topics:

ADP
Photosynthesis
Cell Respiration

Module Key Terms

Energy - the ability to do work
Work- the ability to change or move matter against other forces
ATP or adenosine triphosphate- the cell’s energy source
Heterotrophs (or Consumers)- organisms that cannot make their own food
Autotrophs (or Producers)- organisms that can make their own food
Metabolism- a sum of all reactions in an organism
Catabolic - reaction that breaks down large molecules and releases energy (like cell respiration)
Anabolic- reaction that builds molecules from smaller ones and uses energy (like photosynthesis)
Photosynthesis- using carbon dioxide, water, and light to produce glucose and oxygen; takes place in the chloroplast
Cellular respiration- takes place in the mitochondria; uses oxygen to break down molecules to release energy
Aerobic respiration- cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen
Fermentation- when cellular respiration occurs without enough oxygen; results in either lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation
Anaerobic respiration- cellular respiration without the presence of oxygen
Mitochondria – found in eukaryotic cells; organelle where cellular respiration takes place
Glycolysis- when glucose is broken in half and releases 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP; the first phase of cellular respiration
Krebs Cycle (aka Citric Acid cycle)- 2^nd phase of cellular respiration; produces two ATP and carbon dioxide
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)- generates 34 ATP molecules and water: 3^rd phase of cellular respiration
Lactic Acid Fermentation -when there is not enough oxygen, lactic acid (a waste product) is produces from pyruvic acid
Alcoholic Fermentation- occurs in some plants and unicellular organisms, like yeast and bacteria, converts pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol and releases carbon dioxide